Kinetic theory was developed by Bernoulli, Joule, Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann etc. and represents dynamic particle or microscopic model for different gases since it throws light on the behavior of the particles (atoms and molecules) which constitute the gases and cannot be seen. Properties of gases which we studied earlier are part of macroscopic model.
Postulates
· Every
gas consists of a large number of small particles called molecules moving with
very high velocities in all possible directions.
· The
volume of the individual molecule is negligible as compared to the total volume
of the gas.
· Gaseous molecules are perfectly elastic so that there is
no net loss of kinetic energy due to their collisions.
· The
effect of gravity on the motion of the molecules is negligible.
· Gaseous
molecules are considered as point masses because they do not possess potential
energy. So, the attractive and repulsive forces between the gas molecules are
negligible.
· The
pressure of a gas is due to the continuous bombardment on the walls of the
containing vessel.
· At
constant temperature the average K.E. of all gases is same.
· The
average K.E. of the gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature.
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